In-situ (trans)esterification of lipid-dense post-hydrolysis rice bran at ambient pressures with low acid loading

Dilute acid hydrolysis was employed to generate lipid-dense post-hydrolyzed rice bran (PHRB) which utilized as feedstock in biodiesel production. Upon drying of the wet PHRB with entrained dilute solution, subsequent carbonization and sulfonation occurred material, incorporating significant amounts sulfur sulfonic acid. The collected dry in-situ (trans)esterification (ISTE) its lipids fatty methyl esters (FAME), whereby available sites reduced catalyst be loaded reaction system. optimum conditions under ambient pressures were determined via Taguchi method highest yield achieved 22.38 ± 0.28 g FAME/100 (82.31% conversion or yield), at 65 °C, SSR 20 mL methanol/g dried PHRB, 12 h time, 5 wt% H2SO4 processed. post-ISTE found still possess catalytic activity could used for esterification oleic methanol appreciable stability. Finally, FAME-rich product also exhibits free-radical scavenging activity, owing presence bioactive components, may provide better oxidative stability further recovered high-value by-products.